I have a home server with a Western Digital Caviar Green WD20EARS 2TB disk in it. Recently, I’ve come across this post explaining that this drive’s IntelliPark parks the head after only 8 seconds of being idle. Linux by default caches disk access for 30 seconds on an idle system, leading to up to 120 load/unload cycles per hour!
Archive for the ‘storage’ Category
One of the common problems with ZFS-pools, is the inability to shrink a pool. This especially pops up when you try to replace a failing “1TB” disk with another “1TB” disk, and fail to do so:
# zpool create tank raidz /dev/da{1,2,3}
# zpool replace tank da1 da4
cannot replace da1 with da4: device is too small
Even if the drives are both “1TB”, they might differ a few sectors. The only solution for now is to make sure ZFS does not use the full disk when creating the pool, leaving some margin for “shrinking” if needed. One way to accomplish this is to use partitions (or slices) as ZFS vdev’s. This is not recommended, because ZFS can’t use the full disk cache.
Here is my solution: create your pool with sparse files that are just smaller than your disks. How much smaller is up to you, but this is the minimal disk size you will need to replace failing disks. Since the files are sparse, they don’t actually take up much space on the root disk. As soon as the pool is created, replace each sparse file with the corresponding real disk. Make sure autoexpand is set to off, otherwise the pool will be expanded to fill the entire disks, ruining our effort to keep the pool just slightly smaller.
# geom disk list
[...]
Geom name: da1
Providers:
1. Name: da1
Mediasize: 1153433600 (1.1G)
Sectorsize: 512
[...]
# foreach i ( 1 2 3 )
dd if=/dev/zero of=sparse-file-$i.bin bs=512 count=1 seek=`echo 1000000000/512 - 1 | bc`
end
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes transferred in 0.000030 secs (17043521 bytes/sec)
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes transferred in 0.000031 secs (16519105 bytes/sec)
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes transferred in 0.000030 secs (17043521 bytes/sec)
#
# zpool create tank raidz /root/sparse-file-{1,2,3}.bin
# zpool set autoexpand=off tank
# for i (1 2 3)
zpool replace tank sparse-file-$i.bin /dev/da$i
end
